小样本定数截尾场合下威布尔和对数正态分布的拟合检验

本文给出了小样本定数截尾场合下两参数威布尔分布和对数正态分布的拟合检验方法,该方法还适用于一般的位置-刻度参数族分布,论文还通过实际算例说明方法的可行性。     

2-距离空间中平方型压缩映象的一个新的耦合公共不动点定理

在2-距离空间的框架下, 利用映象对的ω-相容性条件, 建立了一类新的平方型压缩条件, 讨论了此类映象耦合公共不动点的存在性和唯一性.证明了一个新的耦合公共不动点定理, 也提供了一个有效的例子来支持该文的新结果.该文的结果改善了之前文献中的相关结果.     

经方量化归经研究中的向量矩阵应用

在经方量化归经研究中发现,药物组成的归经量化问题,若以五维向量表示更能体现其药物的归经方向和归经比例.利用向量矩阵分析方法给出了方剂归经量化的一种全新的量化模型体系,并以此研究方剂归经的量化规律及其应用特点.     

|sinx|原函数的直接计算法

利用变限积分函数和周期函数的性质,给出了求|sinx|原函数的一种直接计算法.     

石墨化碳黑净化柱结合HPLC－PDA和LC－MS/MS快速检测苹果汁中展青霉素

基于石墨化碳黑材料制备了一种固相萃取柱（GCB柱）,结合高效液相色谱－二极管阵列检测法（HPLC－PDA）和液相色谱－串联质谱法（LC－MS/MS）评估了GCB柱和4种商业化固相萃取柱（Retain AX、PAX、MAX和HLB）的净化效果,并对澄清型苹果汁中影响展青霉素准确定量的杂质进行了分析。结果发现,苹果汁经上述5种净化柱净化后,大大降低了杂质干扰,色谱图、信噪比和基质效应显著改善。其中,GCB净化为HPLC－PDA分析提供了理想的色谱图,为LC－MS/MS分析提供了可接受的基质效应（-14%）、优于HLB净化的色谱图以及与Retain AX净化相当的信噪比。建立的稳定同位素稀释－液相色谱－串联质谱法（SIDA－LC－MS/MS）可以克服基质效应和净化损失对检测结果准确性的影响。采用HPLC－PDA和SIDA－LC－MS/MS分析时,GCB净化比HLB净化的方法更灵敏;MAX、HLB和GCB净化均能得到较好的回收率（82% ~ 102%）和较小的相对标准偏差（≤ 9%）。所开发的GCB净化方法仅需上样和洗脱2步,且在重力作用下过柱仅需10 min,比其他固相萃取净化更简单快捷,净化能力良好。实际样品经GCB柱净化和HPLC－PDA、SIDA－LC－MS/MS分别分析,展青霉素的平均含量为34 μg·kg-1。GCB柱较好的净化效果和较低的使用成本将有助于其在展青霉素常规检测中的广泛应用。     

从“最强酸碱”话题入手介绍超强酸、超强碱

酸碱质子理论是普通化学中的重要模块。学习酸碱质子理论一般从弱酸水溶液入手,若将应用范围扩展为所有含质子的化合物,该理论将被赋予更多的内涵。在含质子的已知化合物中,K_a的范围十分宽广,跨越了100个数量级以上。哪种酸碱“最强”一直是学生间喜闻乐见的话题,以此话题出发,介绍了常见的超强酸、超强碱与相关概念及应用。这些概念的介绍不仅拓展了学生的视野,更能够加深学生对酸碱质子理论的理解,对未来分析化学、无机化学、有机化学的教育产生积极意义。     

分子筛膜反应器的研究进展

分子筛膜具有规整的微孔结构(<1 nm), 耐高温高压、 抗有机溶剂, 在液相和气相小分子分离中受到广泛关注. 分子筛膜可以与催化反应耦合于一体构成膜反应器, 使反应过程与组分分离同时进行, 促进反应平衡移动, 达到反应强化的效果. 本文概述了近十年不同类型分子筛膜反应器在催化反应中的应用研究进展, 并对分子筛膜反应器未来的发展趋势进行了展望.     

Multilayer Porous Vanadium Nitride Microsheets Anodes for Highly Stable Na-ion Batteries

Sodiumion batteries(SIBs)have attracted intensive attention as promising alternative to lithium-ionbatteries(LIBs)for large scale energy storage systems because of low cost of sodium,similar energy storage mechanism and the reasonable performance.However,it is still a great challenge to search and design a robust structure of anode materials with excellent cycling stability and high rate capability for SIBs.Herein,multilayer porous vanadium nitride(VN)microsheets are synthesized through a facile and scalable hydrothermal synthesis-nitrogenization strategy as an effective anode material for SIBs.The multilayer porous VN microsheets not only offer more active sites for fast Na+insertion/extraction process and short diffusion pathway,but also effectively buffer the volume change of anode due to more space in the multilayer porous structure.The large proportions of capacitive behavior imply that the Na+charge storage depends on the intercalation pseudocapacitive mechanism.The multilayer porous VN microsheets electrodes manifest excellent cycling stability and rate capability,delivering a discharge capacity of 156.1 mA·h/g at 200 mA/g after 100 cycles,and a discharge capacity of 111.9 mA·h/g at 1.0 A/g even after 2300 cycles with the Coulombic efficiency of nearly 100%.     

Organic Nanocrystals Based on a Solid-emission-tunable AIEgen for Cell Imaging

The development of fluorescent nanocrystals based on organic small molecules is of great importance in bioimaging due to the merits of easy modification,high brightness and excellent photostability,however suffering from the emission-detrimental aggregation-caused quenching(ACQ)effect.Herein,we successfully designed and synthesized an AIE-active di(N,N-dimethylaniline)-dibenzofulvene(named as NFTPE),which exhibits the crystallization-induced emission enhancement(CIEE)effect.Interestingly,two types of yellow-and orange-emissive crystals for NFTPE were obtained,exhibiting aggregation microenvironment-dependent emission tuning in the solid state.Single-crystal analysis and density functional theory(DFT)calculations reveal that different aggregation microenvironments result in the distinct molecular conformation for various emission.Excitingly,the crystallization of NFTPE in an aqueous solution under the assistance of amphiphilic PEG polymer matrices could be monitored in situ by the fluorescence changes,facilitating the preparation of NFTPE nanocrystals(NFTPE-NCs)by adjusting the aggregation microenvironment.The obtained NFTPE-NCs exhibit the superior performance in cell imaging in respect to high brightness,photostability,and biocompatibility,thus demonstrating the potential in bioimaging applications.     

Microwave-assisted Catalyzed Synthesis and In vitro Bioactivity Evaluation of Benzimidazoles Bearing Phenolic Hydroxyl

An efficient and facile method was introduced for the synthesis of benzimidazoles in this paper. The optimum reaction conditions were determined. A series of benzimidazoles bearing phenolic hydroxyl(2a-2t) were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields starting from differently substituted hydroxyl benzaldehyde and 4-position substituted o-phenylenediamine via nucleophilic addition in the presence of catalyst Na₂S₂O₅ under microwave irradiation condition. Herein, effects of the catalyst, molar ratio of reactants, reaction temperature and solvent were investigated. The optimal reaction condition was determined. The effect of DMF and EtOH solvent on the reaction was compared. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, HRMS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. Further, the bacteriostatic activities of the synthesized compounds were evaluated with ciprofloxacin and itraconazole as a positive control, respectively. Compounds 2b, 2n, 2q and 2r exhi-bited some antibacterial activity. The lowest MIC of antibacterial activity of compound 2b was 32 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the luminescence property of compound 2b was studied. The antibacterial activity of compound 2b, along with their good fluorescence performance highlighted the potential of these compounds as lead structures and owned fluorescence trace for further study towards the development of novel drugs and functional mechanisms in living organisms.